This, That, These, Those

Things that are near:

Does this bus go to Stockholm please?
Is this your cat?

These strawberries are delicious.
These are delicious.

 

Things which are 'psychologically near': the speaker feels they are near at the moment of speaking.

This is the life!
These magazines are a waste of money .

 

Things which are physically far away:

How much is that dress please?
How much is that please?

A pound of those onions please.
A pound of those please.

 

Things which are 'psychologically far away' from the speaker at the time of speaking:

That was lucky!
Is that all?
That really pleases me.